2017 Archive
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Title: EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1986-2014).pdf Author: Fapetu, Oladapo PhD and Prof. Oloyede, John Adebayo Abstract: Abstract This study evaluates the effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2014. It determines the extent and manner to which economic growth responds to exchange rate volatility in Nigeria. The empirical analysis of this study is to determine the degree of volatility of real effective exchange rate using the Generalised Autoregressive Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and the Generalized Method of Moments is used to determine the effect of real exchange rate volatility on economic growth. The study finds that there is high volatility of real effective exchange rate. It also reveals that real effective exchange rate is negatively and significantly related to economic growth. This finding suggests that exchange rate volatility is harmful to the growth of the Nigerian economy. This study recommends that government should constantly seek to maintain a stable exchange rate, increase its expenditure, particularly capital expenditure and implement sustainable reforms to increase the depth of the financial sector. Keywords: exchange rate, volatility, economic growth and GARCH View |
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Title: INFLUENCE OF HISBAH AND ZAKAH ON CONSUMERS PROTECTION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND MANAGEMENT.pdf Author: HALIRU BALA, PhD Abstract: Abstract This paper analyses the Influence of Hisbah and Zakah on Consumers Protection, Poverty Alleviation and Management. The specific objectives are: Identify the role of Hisbah in protection of consumers and examine Zakah as a means of poverty alleviation and management. The research techniques used is content analysis by systematically evaluating from documents, books, journals, and periodicals. The researcher concludes that the two institutions of Zakah and Hisbah have much role to play in not only protecting the right of people in the society but also managing and reducing poverty. Therefore, Muslims societies can adopt and implement these institutions for the improvement of the people’s welfare. Keywords: Hisbah, Zakah, Consumer Protection, Poverty Alleviation, Management. View |
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Title: THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN EMPLOYMENT CREATION FOR TERTIARY INSTITUTION GRADUATES IN NIGERIA.pdf Author: N. H. Akpanabia, PhD. & Godson Anyanwu Abstract: Abstract This study focuses on the impact of entrepreneurship education in employment creation for tertiary institution graduates in Nigeria. The study is carried out because of the high level of unemployment in Nigeria today which was informed because of the neglect of entrepreneurship skill for school leavers. The researcher employs literature review approach; hence only secondary data were sourced and used. Structural functional theory is employed to analyze the interplay between unemployment, entrepreneurship and the Nigeria system. The data collected were discussed qualitatively based on the view of researchers and authors on the subject matter. The findings discover that entrepreneurship is a positive strategy for Nigeria Economic Development and unemployment reduction; hence entrepreneurship education will make the Nigeria graduates to have job for themselves and create job for many others. Based on the foregoing, it is recommended that the Nigeria government, the Nigeria financial institutions, and educational institutions should contribute positively by encouraging graduates entrepreneurship so as to reduce the problem of unemployment in Nigeria. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Unemployment, Education, Graduates/Youths, Government, Financial Institutions, and Educational Institutions. View |
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Title: OPPORTUNITY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF FRAUD IN NIGERIAN QUOTED COMPANIES.pdf Author: Enofe, A.O., Adewale, O.K., Adenuga, A.N. and Lucky, N.I. Abstract: Abstract One bedeviling world economic menace is fraud of varying shapes and degree that threatens economic stability of the world over. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of opportunity on the occurrence of fraud in Nigerian quoted companies with particular reference to Commercial Banks in the South Western part of Nigeria. We made use of primary data. 397 questionnaires were administered while 350 were adequately filled and returned. Tables and simple percentages were used to analyse the data. The statistical tool used to test hypotheses was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The proxies for opportunity in the study are weak internal control, absence or inefficient internal audit unit and weak audit committee; all other variables are held constant. We discovered from the test that, weak internal control, inefficient internal audit and weak audit committee do encourage the occurrence of fraud in Nigerian commercial banks. This then call for a truly independent and competent audit committee as provided by CAMA 1990 CAP E20 LFN 2004 to stem the tide of reckless disregards to internal audit and internal control. The regulatory bodies, SEC, CAC etc, equally have to braise up to their monitoring and supervisory roles. Keywords: Internal Control, Audit Committee, Internal Audit, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence, View |
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Title: GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA FOR THE PERIOD 1990 – 2014.pdf Author: Nwaiwu, J. N., Akandu, C.B.I. and Azali, S. I. Abstract: Abstract In all countries of the world, economic performance had occupied the central location for discussion and coverage components. In Nigeria, this topical trouble had attracted the hobby of researchers, but especially in terms of various variables as a result of its relevance, this paper geares toward analyzing the connection linking government expenditure and monetary growth for the length: 1990-2014. To obtain this goal, economistic model became designed and time series information has been accumulated from the reviews of report of central bank of Nigeria. The facts accumulated changed into analyses with regression techniques the aid of statistical package deal for social technological know-how (SPSS) model 21. The finding indicates that there exist high-quality and significant relationship among government capital and recurrent expenditure and economic growth. As a result, we finish and recommend that such level of government spending should be sustained to grow the economic system of Nigeria. Keywords: Economic growth, Capital Expenditure, Recurrent Expenditure, Government Expenditure. View |
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Title: DIVIDEND POLICY AND PERFORMANCE OF PETROLEUM MARKETING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA.pdf Author: Ogbonna G. N. and Asukwo, Ifiok Sunday Abstract: Abstract The study aimed at examining the effect of dividend policy on the performance of Petroleum Marketing Entities in Nigeria. The study adopts quantitative data technique using longitudinal data or panel data type constructed from the annual reports of the selected firms for the study. With a sample size of nine (9) Listed Petroleum Marketing companies, the hypotheses were tested using ordinary least square with the aid of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings indicated that Earnings per Share positively and significantly affect Return on assets; Dividend Payout Ratio indicates inverse relationship with return on asset. Also Earnings per Share positively and significantly affect Return on equity and Dividend Payout Ratio did not significantly impact on return on equity, it indicates negative showing an inverse relationship with return on equity. Based on the findings, this study concludes that for petroleum marketing companies in Nigeria to achieve their desired performance, they should improve on their dividend policy. In view of the foregoing, it was recommended that to increase internally generated fund to finance viable investment projects; which will in turn increase shareholders’ wealth, petroleum marketing companies in Nigeria should strategically reduce the dividend payout ratio and increase retained earnings. Secondly, petroleum marketing companies should maintain a reduced and consistent dividend payout policy on a yearly basis instead of stopping to declare dividend for some years in order to increase internal finance, market valuation and in the long run maximizes the shareholder wealth. Finally, petroleum marketing companies in Nigeria should pay dividends in order to reduce agency cost and enhance their performance. Key words: Dividend Policy, Performance of Petroleum Marketing Companies View |
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Title: USAGE OF SENSES IN MARKETING AND CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF FAST FOOD FIRMS IN PORT HARCOURT.pdf Author: Taiwo Oladapo and Igwe Peace Abstract: Abstract This study examines the relationship between Sensory marketing such as appeals to Sight, scent and sound, on customer patronage metrics such as repeat purchase, customer referrals and customer retention. Survey research design was adopted in this study. A Convenience sample of 357 was adopted; however three hundred copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and usable. Analysis of the data was made through spearman rank correlation coefficient of the SPSS version 21 package. The study concludes that sensory marketing strategies significantly influence customer patronage in varying degrees. It was therefore recommended that fast food firms should research into the sensorial needs of their target customers, in order to apply an integrated sensory strategy, which would help boost customer patronage. Keywords: Sensory Marketing, Customer Patronage, Sight, Scent, Sound. View |
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Title: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ONLINE CONSUMER PROTECTION CONCERNS THE NIGERIAN CASE.pdf Author: Ateke, Walter Brown and Ogbuji Chinedu N. Abstract: Abstract To explore e-consumer protection concerns of online shoppers in Nigeria; that Is the aim of this study. Four hundred and thirty-eight (438) year four (4) students in the Faculty of Management Sciences of a public University in Port Harcourt provided data for the study. A checklist is used as the instrument of inquiry, while descriptive statistics is used to analyse the data. Disclosure and verification of information, privacy and security concerns are found to be of paramount concern to e-consumers in Nigeria. Failure to deliver purchased products, activities of online scammers and delay in product delivery are the next most important concerns of online shoppers in Nigeria; while redress and confirmation process follows in order of importance. Thus, the conclusion reached is that the afore identified e-consumer protection concerns are of immense significance to e-consumers in Nigeria; and recommends that e-traders should do well to fully disclose information about themselves, their products and transactions in order to enable e-consumers make informed decisions. Also, the study recommends that e-traders should put adequate measures in place to allay the concerns of e-consumers and assure them of their (e-traders) readiness to take responsibility for issues concerning privacy and security of e-consumer information shared with them. Further, the study advocates policy and legal reforms that could enhance e-consumers’ confidence in e-commerce and tasks e-traders to consider the safety of e-consumers in the same measure as they consider their prosperity. Keywords: E-commerce, e-consumer, e-consumer protection, e-traders, online shopping. View |
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Title: IFRS ADOPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC LISTED ENTITIES IN NIGERIA EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PETROLEUM MARKETING ENTITIES.pdf Author: Monday, Monday Akunna and Asukwo, Ifiok Sunday Abstract: Abstract The study examines the effect of IFRS adoption on the performance of Petroleum Marketing Entities in Nigeria. In this study IFRS does not have any proxies because the study is a comparative analysis that assesses corporate performance pre- and post-IFRS adoption in the petroleum marketing sector of Nigeria. The Logistic Regression is used in analyzing categorical data, where the criterion variable is dichotomous and takes only two valves – 0 and 1. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 is used in the analysis. The finding reveals that Post-IFRS adoption has not significantly impacted corporate performance than Pre-IFRS adoption using Return on Capital Employed and Earnings per Share. It is recommended that Petroleum marketing entities should reduce their short term borrowing (current liabilities) so has to improve on Return on Capital Employed. Keywords: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Earnings per share, Return on capital employed, adoption, Petroleum, marketing View |
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Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.pdf Author: IBADIN, LAWRENCE AYEMERE (Ph.D) Abstract: Abstract The need to continuously track and monitor the compatibility of all banking practices and operations with laid down procedures, standards, banking laws, regulations and rules to solve problems that may arise where necessary necessitates this research work. In view of this therefore, this study seeks to examine the effectiveness of internal control system in Nigerian Banks. Internal control system covers all assessment and methods that are adopted in an organization to detect the suitability of operations in accordance with policies determined by management, implementing a chart of accounts and reporting system, specifying the duties, authority and responsibilities of the organization. The study recommends that banks should put in place a strong internal control system to ensure that the bank’s assets are safeguarded and its overall goals and objectives are achieved. View |
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Title: INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL AND ANNUAL SECTORAL WAGE RATES IN NIGERIA.pdf Author: KUNUKEBARI T. NGAAGE, PhD. Abstract: Abstract An open input-output model was used with a linear programming formulation by (1963) to compute optimal sectoral wages for thirty (30) sectors of the Nigerian economy based on the 1990 base year input-output table. The Hadley (1963) linear programming formulation seeks to maximize labour requirements (z) which is given by Dw, subject to the constraints: (1 –A) w ≤ 90 and w≥0. We obtained optimal wage rates by solving the linear programming formulation that comprised thirty (30) decision variables and thirty (30) slack variables. We used only 30 active sectors of the Nigerian economy out of 33 (indicated in the 1990 base year classification). The result of the study was that distributive trade sector (sector 24) had the highest annual wage rate of N129,580 whereas fabricated metal sector had the lowest optimal wage rate. The optimal annual wage rate for the other twenty eight (28) sectors liewithin the range of N23,900 and N129,580. The sensitivity analysis report on the objective function coefficient for each sector showed the lowest minimum value of N44,192.49 million for the fishing sector (sector 3) and the highest minimum value of zero for producers of government services sector (sector 30). The minimum value of the objective function coefficient for the other twenty eight (28) sectors lie between N44,192.49 million and zero. Also, from the sensitivity report on the sectoral objective function coefficient, it was observed that the maximum objective function coefficient for all sectors were infinity (∞). This implies that there exist broad ranges within which the objective function value for each sector of the Nigerian economy can vary without altering the optimal solution of the linear programming problem. A sensitivity analysis report on the resource availability or right hand side (RHS) values of each sector’s constraint inequality expression showed the lowest minimum RHS value of N0.02526 million for sector 26 (finance and insurance sector) and the highest minimum RHS value of zero for sectors 4 (forestry), 18 (vehicle assembly) and 30 (producers of government services). On the other hand, the lowest maximum RHS value of N1.28746 million was obtained for sector 1 (agriculture) whereas the highest maximum value of infinity (∞) was obtained for sectors 3 (fishing) and the twenty one (21) other sectors. This implies that these twenty two (22) sectors of the Nigerian economy, there are wide ranges within which the RHS values of the constraint inequality expressions can vary without altering the feasibility of the linear programming problem. Among all the thirty (30) sectors of the Nigeria economy investigated, it was observed that crude petroleum sector (section 5) had the highest dual price of N87586.19 (which for our maximization problem is same as shadow price). The next highest dual (shadow) price was N79259.41 for agriculture sector (section 1) with the lowest dual price of N842.41 observed for forestry sector (section 4). We concluded from this result that crude petroleum and agriculture sectors contribute more to the economic well-being of the Nigerian economy than the forestry sector because a unit increase in the resource availability of crude petroleum and agriculture sectors result in more increase in the objective value (labour requirement) than a unit increase in the resource availability in the forestry sector. We also concluded that our contribution to knowledge by our analysis on the Nigerian economy is that the result of annual GDP compilations which had only a statutory or at best an archival value in the past, had by our work, achieved an increased status of being a tool for further economic analysis to provided an increased understanding of the Nigerian economy. Key words: Open and closed input-output model, linear programming, sensitivity analysis value-added, final demand or bill of goods Leontief matrix, input-output table of Nigeria economy. View |
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Title: MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEFICIT FISCAL OPERATIONS IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS.pdf Author: Ifeanyi S. Mgbataogu and Ebike M. Murray Abstract: Abstract This study evaluates the nature and direction of prevailing long run relationships between selected macroeconomic variables and deficit fiscal operations in Nigerian economy. Budget deficit finance is employed as proxy for deficit fiscal operations while real gross domestic product, broad money supply, capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure, inflation rate, and exchange rate constitute the study’s selected macroeconomic variables. Johansen’s multivariate cointegration and Error Correction Model techniques are employed for analyses of secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin over the period of 1987 to 2014. The results provide evidence of the prevalence of a significant long run relationship between the set of selected macroeconomic variables and Budget deficit finance in Nigeria. The Error Correction Model results further provide compelling evidence to confirm the prevalence of significant positive long run relationship between Budget deficit finance and each of broad money supply, exchange rates and inflation rates while indicating a negative but significant relationship between Budget deficit finance and capital expenditure. Real gross domestic product and recurrent expenditure are found to have an insignificant long run relationship with Budget deficit finance. Consequently, the study recommends among others that efforts in ensuring effective and efficient budgeting discipline that will help to reduce wastage in government expenditure be encouraged. This will help to reduce to barest minimum, the need for and level of deficit finance sought by the government. Again, while admitting that utter discouragement and jettisoning of deficit financing in Nigeria may seem unrealistic in today’s economic setting, efforts should be made to keep it progressively at very low level and greater part of government expenditure be channelled into boosting infrastructural facilities and also current moves aimed at diversifying the economy should be vigorously sustained by all concerned so as to increase the revenue source of government. Keywords: Deficit Financing, Gross Domestic Product, Government Expenditure, Exchange Rate, Inflation View |
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Title: THE EXECUTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE GROWTH OF NIGERIAN BANKS.pdf Author: PETERSON C. NWOKORIE, PhD. Abstract: Abstract This study examines the execution of corporate social responsibility and the growth of Nigerian banks. The study is carried out because of the negative image of some of our financial institutions based on the banks inability to execute their social responsibilities to host communities and even customers. The researcher employs the literature review approach; hence only secondary data were sourced and used. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the Nigerian banks have not been effective in the execution of corporate social responsibilities. This is because of constant management problems and economic/financial crisis in the bank. But the bank only performs few corporate social responsibilities for some organizations where they are sited. It was also discovered that when banks employ host community members, provide infrastructure – road, electrification, pipe borne water and construction of town hall etc - for the people and educate them on financial management, the people will be happy with the bank. That will make the bank to have positive image, attract customers to the bank and make the bank to achieve high level of growth and stability. It is recommended that the Nigerian bank should execute their social responsibility by employing host community members and improving the infrastructural facility for the people. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, Banks, Economic Growth and Host Communities. View |
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Title: VISUAL MERCHANDISING AND CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF SUPERMARKETS IN PORT HARCOURT.pdf Author: ONUOHA A. ONUOHA Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a framework of relationship between visual merchandising and customer patronage of supermarkets. A set of questionnaire was administered to customers of 175 supermarkets in Port Harcourt metropolis. The test statistic for the hypothesized relationship was Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, which reported that the relationships between the three dimensions of visual merchandising and customer patronage were statistically significant at the same level (positive). Management was, therefore, advised to develop an illuminating eye-catching and appealing method of displaying available products in their stores. Keywords: Visual merchandising, Customer Patronage, Supermarket View |
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Title: FUNCTIONAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AN APPARATUS IN ASCERTAINING DIVIDEND PAYOUT WITH REGARD TO STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION.pdf Author: Ibama, Kellyiyi C. Kelly, Ibama T. Kelyiyi & Emmanuel A. L. Ibanichuka, PhD. Abstract: Abstract This study examined whether or not functional policy implementation is an apparatus in ascertaining dividend payout with regard to strategy implementation in business organizations in Nigeria. In sourcing for the research informations and data, we utilized a well organized study questionnaire. The data gotten was examined through simple percentage as well as frequency distribution. We found out that resource deployment is relevant in the strategic action (implementation) process of an organization; and that, dividend payout has an impact on both long-run funding and wealth of investors because the operating personnel is effective in deciding the dividend payout that leads to a successful strategy implementation and performance of an organization. Nevertheless, we conclude that functional policy implementation appears to be a very significant means (apparatus) in ascertaining dividend payout as it relates to the implementation of strategies; and that, dividend payout maximizes the return of shareholders because resource deployment in an organization enables strategic action (implementation) to be effective. View |
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Title: THE USE OF MARKETING INTERVENTION MODELS TO REDUCE DEFECTION THE INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER LEVEL’S EXPERIENCE.pdf Author: Igwe, Peace and Amue, Gonewa John Abstract: Abstract This paper examines the use of Marketing Intervention Models to Reduce Customer Defection at the Individual Customer Level of Telecommunication Firms in Nigeria. More precisely, its aim is to investigate switching index that is likely to reduce the tendency of defection from or to any type of network. The paper discusses survival analysis with the use of intervention models. Based on available data, it examines a number of variables, which represent individualities of customers and related service defection tendencies. Tables, Pearson Chi-square, Cramer’s V symmetric statistics and the descriptive data will aid our study. The Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis will be used to analyze data as it is predictive in establishing an association between criteria binary. The implication is that the study is supportive in inhibiting defection by proffering intervention strategies to mobile telecommunication firms and the best efforts to employ when the need arises. Keywords: intervention, defection, service process, satisfaction, switching cost View |
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Title: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF PRACTISING ACCOUNTANTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI –CORRUPTION INITIATIVE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA.pdf Author: Olagunju Adebayo, PhD and Akintayo, Akintunde A. Abstract: Abstract The study investigates the role of practicing accountants in the implementation of anti – corruption initiative in the public sector in order to establish if there is significant relationship between the roles performed by Practicing Accountants in the implementation of anti – corruption initiative in the public sector. A descriptive research design was adopted. The population of the study is the senior staff of Nigeria’s Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practice and other related offences Commisson, ICPC p(200). The researcher adopts stratified random sampling technique. Source of data is primary and were collected through structured questionnaire which was distributed to 187 respondent staff of the above organizations at random. Data were analyzed using simple Regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation with the aid of SPSS. The result shows that: there is positive correlation between the role of practicing Accountants and Anti–corruption initiative; there is weak accountability in Nigeria due to weak accounting infrastructure, poor regulatory framework and attitude of government officials. It is recommended that the government, professional accounting bodies , citizens should work together to have a meaningful resolution on this issue as a matter of urgency and that adequate structures and mechanism such as Forensic laboratories must be improved upon in all Anti - Corruption Agencies in Nigeria. Key Words: Practising accountants, Anti –corruption initiative, Public sector, corruption index, Transparency International View |
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Title: INTERNAL AUDIT QUALITY AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURE EFFICIENCY IN RIVERS STATE PUBLIC SECTOR.pdf Author: Gabriel Nkwazema Ogbonna, PhD. and Anurume Okwesileze Godwin Abstract: Abstract This study empirically investigated the influence of internal audit quality on public expenditure efficiency in Rivers State, using primary data obtained from questionnaire and utilizing the cross-sectional research design and a sample of eight public corporations located in Rivers State. The study adopted two proxies for internal audit quality which are internal audit rules and internal audit procedures and two fundamental measures for public expenditure efficiency which includes public expenditure value and public goods. After the analysis, the study found that internal audit and public expenditure efficiency in the Rivers State have a great level of association. The study also discovered that Internal Auditing Procedure showed a significant relationship to Public Expenditure Value; and Internal Auditing Procedure exhibited a significant relationship to resource acquisition of Public institutions in Rivers state; Internal Auditing Rule showed a significant relationship to Public Expenditure Value; Internal Auditing Rule revealed a significant relationship to resource acquisition in Rivers state. Organizational Structure did not influence the association between internal audit and Public Expenditure Efficiency. This study therefore concludes that internal audit has strong influence on public expenditure efficiency and if the internal audit quality rules and procedures are properly observed, public expenditure efficiency will be positively enhanced and improved. In view of the findings and conclusion, this study recommended that internal audit should be made a mandatory requirement in the public sectors over routine internal audit. Also, Internal Auditor should have unrestricted access to the highest level of management and his report should be regularly published and acted upon so that transparency, accountability, value for money, prudent spending, cost effectiveness and regularity will be highly achieved in the public service. Keywords: Internal Audit Quality, Public Expenditure Efficiency, Public Value, Public Goods. View |
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Title: ORGANISATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND CUSTOMERS RETENTION OF HOSPITALITY FIRMS IN PORT HARCOURT.pdf Author: Dan Jumbo T. Comfort and Nwaiwu J. N. Abstract: Abstract This study examines the relationship linking organizational citizenship behavior and customer retention in selected hotels in Port Harcourt. A cross-sectional survey was employed. Target population for this study comprises of hotels registered with Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Accessible population for this study consists of 10 hotels using convenience sampling technique. 124 managers and customers were surveyed. Sample size is 95 using Taro Yamane formula. Method of data collection is questionnaire. 95 copies of questionnaire were distributed but 55 copies were correctly filled and used for data analysis. Validity was determined using face and content validity. Cronbach alpha test was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (rho) served as a statistical tool. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (22.0) was used to run the analysis. The study found that organizational citizenship behavior has a positive significant relationship with customer retention. The study concludes that organizational citizenship behavior measured with altruism, sportsmanship and courtesy promotes customer retention in hotels. One of the recommendations is that hotel managers should encourage employees to display altruistic behavior to enhance customer retention. Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Customer Retention, Courtesy, Altruism, Sportsmanship, Service Delivery, Adequate Security, Price Affordability. View |
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Title: MANAGERIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROFITABILITY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN PORT HARCOURT.pdf Author: Ndu, Eugene C. & Alaboemi, Peter Abstract: Abstract This study focused on managerial skills development (MSD) and organizational profitability (OP) of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The purpose was to establish if the dimensions of MSD had any relationship with OP. Three hypotheses guided the study. These hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s rank order correlation techniqueat a significant level of 0.05. Using a sample of 132 managers drawn from 12 companies, the researchers found that conceptual skills development and technical skills development have no significant relationship with profitability. Meanwhile a moderate significant relationship exists between human skills development and profitability. Based on this, it was concluded that in addition to MSD, other factors like economic, social, political, etc. contribute to determine the OP of manufacturing firms. Hence, the study recommended that Organizations should continue to encourage MSD programmes in spite of the perceived little influence it has on OP. In doing this, particular attention should be paid to HSD since the study has proven that it has the potential of boosting profitability. In addition to MSD, managers should equally be trained on information management skills. This will help them to proactively manage complexities in the business environment that are likely to impact negatively on the organization. Keywords: Managerial skills development, Technical Skills, Human skills, Conceptual Skills, Performance, Profitability. View |
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Title: VIRAL MARKETING AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN RIVERS STATE.pdf Author: Ozuru, Henry N., PhD. & Kunukebari T. Ngaage, PhD. Abstract: Abstract This article presents a general overview of how viral marketing promotes new product development in Rivers State. This study adopts exploratory research design. Thus, in order to achieve a successful new product development, the need for viral marketing must be there to strategically position these goods and services to customers at consumer point of purchase. Certainly the successful implementation of viral marketing on new product of any company is necessary to have a structured and documented approach. Therefore providing a clear roadmap for the development of new products is very imperative. This study reviewed highlights about viral marketing and new product development processes, from the concept to consumer and the key success drivers are quest for real product superiority and satisfactions. The paper recommends that every firms should employ the use of viral marketing for disseminating information about their products and services because, with only this idea can assist an organization to succeed and the use of new products would be a source of competitive advantage. Keywords: New Product Development & Viral Marketing, View |