2021 Archive
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Title: PHILOSOPHY OF VIOLENT CRIMES IN NIGERIA INTERROGATING THE MONSTERS.pdf Author: JOSHUA IGONOH Abstract: Abstract Over the years, anti-crime legislative trend in Nigeria has been reactionary thus putting the criminals ahead of the laws. Recent trend shows how fast various violent crimes, on the wings of corruption seem to drag Nigeria to the brink of internationally recognized definition of a failed State. This paper interrogated some of the resilient violent crimes defying large volume of legislation aimed at stemming their trend; with virtually no result. The paper found that the problem has never been about lack of adequate legislations to tackle these monsters but lack of political will and lame-duck enforcement machinery to tackle the menace. The paper thus recommended the need for a more proactive anti-crime measures that may arrest these monsters before the Nigerian State withers away, in the spirit of Marxian dialectics. Operative Words: Philosophy, Violent Crimes, Search and Monster View |
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Title: ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.pdf Author: Owolabi, S.A.PhD. & Ajah, Chizoba Christiana Abstract: Abstract Effective risk identification and mitigation are essentially means of ensuring the sustainability of corporate organizations. Enterprise risk management has been adjudged as one of the drivers to sustainable corporate financial performance as every company and industry is prone to diverse and inherent risks. This study examined the effect of enterprise risk management on sustainable corporate financial performance. In addressing the problem of sustainable corporate performance, the study employed ex-post facto research design, using Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) checklist, the independent variable of enterprise risk management was measured using corporate risk appetite (CRA), risk identification and recording, risk assessment and measurement and risk assessment and reporting sourced from financial statements purposively selected 8 oil and gas companies listed in Nigeria for a period of 15 years, giving a total of 120 observations. While profitability was employed as a surrogate of sustainable corporate financial performance. The study revealed a strong character of the parameters, as corporate risk appetite and risk assessment and measurement exhibited positive and significant effects, risk identification and recording, and risk assessment and reporting revealed positive but insignificant effects. However, the joint results revealed that enterprise risk management positively and significantly affected the sustainable corporate financial performance of the oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Based on the documented results, the study recommended that the management of oil and gas companies in Nigeria should not underplay the inherent risks in the industry and should devise means of identifying, and assessing these risks for proper enterprise risk management to enhance sustainable corporate financial performance. Keywords: Enterprise risk management, corporate risk appetite, Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk reporting, Sustainable corporate financial performance View |
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Title: IRREDENTISM IN OKUN-YORUBA LAND OF NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA A REVIEW OF YAGBA MOKOBON PROTEST MOVEMENT OF 1930.pdf Author: Oshadare, Olabode Timothy. PhD & Aduke Ekundayo PhD. Abstract: Abstract Irredentism is the doctrine of ‘redeeming’ territory from another state especially where there are some historical claims to the territory or when an ethnic group seeks to rejoin the major part of the ethnic group in another state. Irredentism as a term, originally applied to a policy advocated in Italy in the 19th century for the acquisition of foreign territories claimed as Italian, because of previous Italian sovereignty over them or of ethnic affinity. The Italian irredentist movement originated in about 1878 and was essentially a manifestation of the intensely nationalist movement that has succeeded in 1871 after decades of struggle in creating a united Italian nation. It is against this general background that irredentist movement in Okun-Yorubaland specifically among the Yagba-subgroup of Okunland, shall be viewed, highlighting the colonial government reactions, which eventually led to the unification of all Yagba segments into one federation in 1934. View |
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Title: UNLOCKING POTENTIAL OF CULTURE, CREATIVITY FOR SUSTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA.pdf Author: Lucky Nziadam, PhD. & Otigbuo Patience, PhD. Abstract: Abstract The paper discusses with dissatisfaction the state that is lackadaisical in the provision of official plat form for the promotion and gainful utilization of the culture policy. Arguing that there is need to understand and tap the potential offered by the creative industry for sustainable educational development in Nigeria. As a result of these conditions, some recommendations were made such as the promotion of museum and indigenous Language/Cultural/Crafts centres which should be made part of requirements for building schools across the country’s history and cultural values as part of their education and establishment of more stringent measure or legislation to protect nation monuments, from destruction across the country while. Theatre Art Regulatory Council bills need to be harmonized into one bill which government could present to national Assembly for assents etc. View |
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Title: AN ANALYSIS OF POLICE POWERS AND EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLINGS AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE.pdf Author: SUNNY IBOLOKU PhD. Abstract: Abstract It is no longer news that many Nigerians have lost their lives yearly unabated due to acts of violence meted by law enforcement agencies, especially the Nigeria police, armed forces personnel and ethnic militia and sometimes by vigilante and very recently the Nigeria Civil Defence Corps. The killings are random, arbitrary and extra-judicial without just cause. Most of the victims are defenceless and are probably those who reject the illegal demands by the police and other armed forces personnel at road blocks or check points which are in most cases illegal. Others may be mere squatters or those considered to be wonderers, like the killings at Abuja to wit the Apo six or the killings in Alu Rivers State, the Alu four. The killing of Uniben students, killing of football fans in Lagos, killing of yahoo boys and innocent youths during the 2020 End Sars protest in various parts of the country. Some are even killed for merely arguing with policemen when the issue of extortion of money is at stake while many others are based on irrelevant or very minor altercations with policemen. These killings go on unabated because police officers believe they can evade justice by frustrating investigations. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the power of the police, the grounds if any supporting the abuse of police powers and unwanted killings vis-à-vis the constitutional provision of the Right to life. It proceeded to make appropriate and reasonable recommendations on how to avert the abuse of police powers and curb unwanted extra-judicial killings in Nigeria. View |
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Title: FASHIONING APPROPRIATE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVED CAPITAL CRIMES TRIAL AND SENTENCING.pdf Author: JOSHUA IGONOH Abstract: Abstract Despite what looks like a stream of International response to the call for abolition of capital punishment but prescription of death penalty for contemporary evolution of crimes like kidnapping, terrorism and other forms of violent crimes point to unwillingness of successive administrations in Nigeria to follow the world trend. That there are lapses in the Nigerian legal framework for criminal trial is no longer a controvertible fact but failure to address such gaps in the trial of capita offences gives cause for concern, giving impression to the International Community that Nigeria places very little value on human life. It is for this reason this paper, using doctrinal approach interrogated existing legal framework for the trial of capital crimes and found that efforts in addressing the lapses, including those endorsed in the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 have not gone far enough in addressing the lapses. The paper thus recommended the need to take clue from more natural criminal trial jurisdictions to evolve a more transparent legal framework for improved capital crimes trial and sentencing in Nigeria. Operative Words: Fashioning, Appropriate Legal Framework, Improved Capital Crimes Trial, and Sentencing. View |
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Title: HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT, AUDIT PRACTICE AND COVID 19 CHALLENGES.pdf Author: Owolabi, T J PhD. & Ayodele Oluwasegun Abstract: Abstract The world has witnessed massive disruptions to the traditional methods of achieving objectives. Organisations and individuals across all profession have battled with two options- embrace the new normal or be left out. Despite all these, users of financial information including investors have continued to look up to auditors on the credibility of financial information through their audit opinion. This study examined Human Capital Development, Audit Practice and Covid 19 Challenges using Human Capital Theory and Stewardship Theory to evaluate how auditors have maintained audit quality amidst covid-19 challenges through reliance on technology and human capital. In carrying out this examination, exploratory research approach was employed. Previous literature, journals and materials related to the study area were reviewed. The study established that while audit profession especially the Big Four has embraced modern technology with massive investment in human capital to minimise the impact of Covid-19 disruptions, there are still vast technology innovations such as cognitive technologies, predictive analytics, deep learning, and quantum computing that are yet to be fully explored. This study noted that the adoption of modern technology driven audit tools when combined with auditors’ competence and professional scepticism will continue to enhance clients’ satisfaction regarding the credibility of financial statements through the audit opinions. The study recommended Auditors’ continuous reliance on technology and the activation of modern audit tools while being mindful of hidden and complex technology risks by heightening and maintaining professional scepticism with more investment in human capital development. Keywords: Covid-19 Challenges, Audit Services, Technology, Audit Credibility View |
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Title: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS AND BUREAUCRATIC POWER IN NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT.pdf Author: ANIETIE E. EKANG, PhD. Abstract: Abstract Bureaucracy is believed to be the most rational and efficient system of running a modern government. Modern government finds it difficult to succeed without the bureaucracy. In fact, even the most ardent critics of bureaucracy cannot provide a better alternative to it. Bureaucracy, coined by monsieur de Gourney in 1845 was given wide currency by Max Webber, a brilliant sociologist of German Parentage. Though pejoratively associated with red-tape, excess paper work, inefficiency and sluggishness, bureaucracy may be thought of as a complex system of men, offices, methods and authority which large organizations employ in order to achieve their goals. Bureaucracy operates on time tested principles such as well-defined chain of command, systematized procedures and processes of doing things, operating on framework of rules and regulations, division of labour based on specialization, impersonality in human relations among others. The traditional role of the bureaucracy is to execute government policies and programmers. Moreover, in the implementation of these policies and programmers, bureaucrats face inconsistencies, challenges and alternatives which they promptly initiate actions to tackle them. Powers of the bureaucracy reside in the staying power of the bureaucrats. Bureaucrats usually outstay political appointees in government and this imbues them with power and knowledge accumulated over the years to advise political appointees. Bureaucrats are also in control of the administrative secrets of government which they sometime hide from political appointees so as to feather their wings and remain safe in service. Besides, there are usually complex and technical administrative matters which can only be effectively carried out by bureaucrats. Also, bureaucrats most times framed legislation for politicians because of the latter lack of specialized knowledge and time to carry out such task.All these combine to make the bureaucrats powerful and indispensable in modern government. In fact, no modern government can run successfully without the bureaucracy and inputs from the bureaucrats who drive the machinery of modern government. View |
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Title: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CHEMISTRY MASTERY TEST (CMT) FOR SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS ONE (SSS1) STUDENTS.pdf Author: Ngozi, B. Ebere & A. I. Joe PhD. Abstract: Abstract This study focused on Development and Validation of Chemistry Mastery Test (CMT) For Senior Secondary Students One (SSS1) Students. The study adopted the instrumentation research design. In terms of the area of the study, it was conducted in Rivers and Bayelsa States of Nigeria. Both states are located in Niger Delta or South-South Geo-Political zones of Nigeria. The population for this study was made up of all the senior secondary students in SS1 unity schools in Rivers and Bayelsa State and as at the time of the study, they were 1701 students in unity schools in both Rivers and Bayelsa State. A sample size of 400 SS1 students was drawn using the multi-stage sampling technique. The CMT items was developed and written based on the Bloom’s revised taxonomy. In analyzing the items, the difficulty and discrimination indices of CMT items were computed using their respective formula. The average difficulty index of CMT was established by computing their appropriate formula to arrive at their indices. The reliability coefficient of each sub-CMT was established using Cronbach Alpha, split halt method as well as KR20. The content validity index Chemistry Mastery Test (CMT) was determined using TOS. Findings showed that 56 items were effectively represented in the instruments. Their reliabilities indices for Cronbach, Split Half and KR20 were .87, .82 and .88 respectively. This indicated that the instrument was reliable. Recommendations among other were that test administrators should adopt the CMT for testing of students in Chemistry. Keywords: Validation, Development, Mastery, View |
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Title: CHINA BELT ROAD INITIATIVE AND AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT CRISIS.pdf Author: Ojo Oluwole Simeon & Mfon Ekpootu (PhD) Abstract: This paper examines China Belt Road Initiative (CBRI) and its implications on African development challenges. The papers method of analysis is qualitative and historical, employing descriptive and analytical tools to arrive at the conclusion. The initiative, developed by the Chinese government in its relations with its allies, is generally popular in the developing world, especially in countries with infrastructural deficits, and a shortage of resources to overcome them. It emphasizes five areas of cooperation with Third World countries: coordinating development policies and forging infrastructure, strengthening investment and trade relations. Pertinent questions however are: To what extent will this initiative engender development among the participating countries in Africa? What are the contending issues and benefits arising from such an initiative? Using the dependency theoretical construct, the paper argues and also demonstrates that the current trend in CBRI is laden with Chinese strategic interest and collaboration as well as mutual cooperation among participating countries. In Africa, this initiative is seen as a bold attempt by African governments at connecting African countries with age-long Chinese economic interests. The paper concludes that the CBRI initiative is China’s economic escalation strategy and development expansion opportunity programme that will drive business and investment fortunes for China. Keywords: China Belt Road Initiative (CBRI), Africa, Development. View |